Learning outcomes
Define metabolism clearly
Identify the process of metabolism
Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism
TO THE LIFE PROCESSES
● Cell is the basic unit of life
● Cells are made up of different types of molecules
● Cell structure and cell function require different types of molecules they are known as biomolecules.
● Mainly they are combinations of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen Phosphorus and calcium
● Biomolecule form the basic building blocks of life
There are four types of biomolecule
● Carbohydrate
● Lipid
● Protein
● Nucleic acid
Desh bio molecules undergoes many chemical reactions. All the chemical reactions together taking place in an organism is called metabolism
Metabolism can be divided into two
● Anabolism
● Catabolism
Anabolism
Biochemical process in which the simple molecules combined to generate complex molecules
Eg : in photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose and oxygen
Catabolism
Biochemical process in metabolism where the complex molecule breakdown into small molecules in order to release energy
Eg: protein break down into aminoacids
Enzymes:the molecules speed up biochemical reactions
Hormone: molecules regulate and co-ordinate biological processes
Metabolism is influenced by external and internal environment
● Internal environment in animal cell include extra cellular fluid
● General environment in plant cell include extra cellular fluid cell wall and air sac between the cells
Maintaining the internal environment of the cell constant is known as homeostasis
Passing of ions or molecules across cell membrane
As we know cell membrane consist of two parts
● Phospho lipid bilayer
● Protein
The transport of ions across the cell membrane involves two main processes
1. Passive transport
2. Active transport
Passive transport
The moment of ions from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane without using energy is known as passive transport
● Passive transport involves three types
1. Simple diffusion
Simple diffusion is the process in which the ion move from region of higher concentration to lower concentration until they are randomly distributed
2. Osmosis
Osmosis is movement of water molecules from the region of higher concentration to lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane
3. Facilitated diffusion
In facilitated diffusion the molecules move from region of higher concentration to the lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane with the help of career proteins seen in the cell membrane
Active transport
Movement of ions from the region of lower concentration to higher concentration by using energy is called active transport
Nature of flow of molecules Process
From higher concentration to lower concentration Passive transport
From lower concentration to higher concentration Active transport
Applicable to water only Osmosis
Energy not required Passive transport
Energy required Active transport
Carrier protein required Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Carrier protein not required Simple diffusion
Review questions
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